Silene capensis / African Dream Root / Caryophyllaceae (Chickweed Family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Silene undulata, African Dream Root, Undlela Ziimphlophe (Xhosa)

Description

Silene capensis is native to the river valleys of the eastern cape province of South Africa. This obscure flowering species is regarded by local shamans as a type of "Ubulawu" or medicinal root that they call "Undlela Ziimhlophe," which translates literally as "White paths" or "White ways." Its root is traditionally used to induce vivid (and according to the Xhosa, prophetic) lucid dreaming, classifying it a naturally-occurring oneirogen similar to the more well-known dream herb Calea (Calea zacatechichi). The plant exerts only minimal alterations in waking consciousness, yet the effects upon the dream state can be profound. (1)(2)

Historical

Silene capensis has been used by Xhosa diviners of South Africa for centuries. They grind the root to prepare a thick white froth, which novice diviners consume on an empty stomach to enhance lucid dreaming. Novices consume it until they fill their stomachs, washing themselves with the remaining dregs, over a three-day period at full moon. A diviner chews a small piece of the root, which has a pungent taste and smell, and spits it out on the threshold to attract clients. Diviners and novices who ingest it regularly exude a musky scented odour, not unlike that of the flower, which is attractive and even mildly hypnotic especially when they perspire after performing any vigorous activity, such as dancing or foraging for medicines. (1)

Plant Description

Silene capensis has a white, erect, trichotomously panicled flower with obtuse lobes. In spring and autumn the flower opens in the evening to exude a scented perfume and it is cross-pollinated by moths. The stem and leaves of the plant are clothed with long spreading hairs. After good rainfall, it is found growing in grassy verges on well-watered slopes and particularly on riverbanks. (1)

References

(1) Dreams and Medicines: The Perspective of Xhosa Diviners and Novices in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, by Manton Hirst
(2) Silene capensis, Wikipedia

Articles

Any information provided about products on this website, including any links to external websites, is purely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and should never be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the products.

Dreams
Lucid Dreaming
Oneiromancy

Related Products

Dreamherb (Calea zacatechichi)
Guayusa (Ilex guayusa)
Sacred Blue Lily of the Nile (Nymphaea caerulea)

Silene capensis / African Dream Root / Caryophyllaceae (Chickweed Family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Silene undulata, African Dream Root, Undlela Ziimphlophe (Xhosa)

Description

Silene capensis is native to the river valleys of the eastern cape province of South Africa. This obscure flowering species is regarded by local shamans as a type of "Ubulawu" or medicinal root that they call "Undlela Ziimhlophe," which translates literally as "White paths" or "White ways." Its root is traditionally used to induce vivid (and according to the Xhosa, prophetic) lucid dreaming, classifying it a naturally-occurring oneirogen similar to the more well-known dream herb Calea (Calea zacatechichi). The plant exerts only minimal alterations in waking consciousness, yet the effects upon the dream state can be profound. (1)(2)

Historical

Silene capensis has been used by Xhosa diviners of South Africa for centuries. They grind the root to prepare a thick white froth, which novice diviners consume on an empty stomach to enhance lucid dreaming. Novices consume it until they fill their stomachs, washing themselves with the remaining dregs, over a three-day period at full moon. A diviner chews a small piece of the root, which has a pungent taste and smell, and spits it out on the threshold to attract clients. Diviners and novices who ingest it regularly exude a musky scented odour, not unlike that of the flower, which is attractive and even mildly hypnotic especially when they perspire after performing any vigorous activity, such as dancing or foraging for medicines. (1)

Plant Description

Silene capensis has a white, erect, trichotomously panicled flower with obtuse lobes. In spring and autumn the flower opens in the evening to exude a scented perfume and it is cross-pollinated by moths. The stem and leaves of the plant are clothed with long spreading hairs. After good rainfall, it is found growing in grassy verges on well-watered slopes and particularly on riverbanks. (1)

References

(1) Dreams and Medicines: The Perspective of Xhosa Diviners and Novices in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, by Manton Hirst
(2) Silene capensis, Wikipedia

Articles

Any information provided about products on this website, including any links to external websites, is purely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and should never be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the products.

Dreams
Lucid Dreaming
Oneiromancy

Related Products

Dreamherb (Calea zacatechichi)
Guayusa (Ilex guayusa)
Sacred Blue Lily of the Nile (Nymphaea caerulea)

Apocynum androsaemifolium / Bitter Root / Apocynaceae (Dogbane Family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Purple Wolfsbane, Dogbane, Bitter Root, Milkweed, Fly-Trap, Canadian Hemp, Chanvre Du Canada, Spreading Dogbane, Vliegenwurger, American Ipecac, Bitter Dogbane, Black Indian Hemp, Catch Fly, Colicroot, Honey Bloom, Indian Hemp, Milk Ipecac, Rheumatism Wood, Wandering Milkweed, Western Wallflower, Wild Ipecac, Gewöhnliches Hundsgift, Rattlesnake Root, Snakebite, Three-leaved Nightshade, Trillium, Wakerobin, Birthroot.

Description

Bitter Root is a herbaceous perennial, indigenous to America, growing along fences and upon hill-sides. 150-180cm in height, branching and, in common with the other three members of the genus, yielding on incision a glutinous milky juice resembling Indiarubber when dry. This latex, is a possible source of rubber. Parts of the plant were utilized medicinally by Native Americans and pioneers as cough medicine, and a tea to treat internal parasites.
From the tough, fibrous bark of the stalks they twisted thread as a substitute for hemp, to make bowstrings, twine, bags, fishing nets, lines, and linen etc.
The common name, Dogbane, refers to the plant's toxic nature, which has been described as poisonous to dogs. Apocynum means "Away, dog!" Has a musty odour and starchy, bitter taste.
The root of this plant is many feet in length, creeping horizontally, and tapering from the size of a man's finger; this root, or more properly the corticle, is the active part. Age impairs its powers.

Scent

Almost inodorous, a slight, rather musty odour and a starchy, bitter taste.

Aromatic Properties

The fragrance is stimulant and relaxant about equally; manifesting its powers slowly, and quite persistently. It enhances one's creativity and imagination, bringing out the child within. Some believe Dogbane should be used on Autum Eve, in order to enter the realm of Faery and to be able to see natural spirits. It is a herb of protection, under the rule of Jupiter, said to encourage nature's Spirits and the presence of Deva's to be invited.

Contents

Contains apocynamarin, a cardiac glycoside, as well as other glycosides and resins.

Synergic Combinations

Dogbane goes well with Ginger and Anise.

Health Warnings

It is official in the United States Pharmacopoeia and has emetic, cathartic, diaphoretic, expectorant and diuretic properties, and on account of the last-named action it is used in dropsical affections. It should be used with great caution, and only under the supervision of a qualified practitioner if taking this plant internally. It has a powerful action in slowing the pulse and also has a very strong action on the vaso-motor system, it is rather an irritant to the mucous membranes though, so some people cannot tolerate it.

Plant Description

A shrub-like, perennial herb, 30-120cm tall. Leaves paired and ovate, toothless, dark green above, paler and downy beneath, 5-8cm long. Stems ruddy and branching, and, in common with the other three members of the genus, yielding on incision a milky juice resembling India rubber when dry. Flowers bell shaped, white, tinged with red and fragrant, dangling from curved stalks; five scales in the throat of the corolla secrete a sweet liquid, attractive to flies. These scales are very sensitive, and when touched bend inward, imprisoning the insects. Fruit dry narrow pods, in pairs, 10-20cm long. Seeds reddish, with long white hairs. Blooms mid-June through the end of July in the North Country. Reproduces by seed and vegetatively by rhizomes.
The bark yields a good quality fibre that is used for making twine, bags, linen etc. The fibre is finer and stronger than cotton. It can be harvested after the leaves fall in the autumn but is probably at its best as the seed pods are forming.

Acorus calamus / Calamus / Araceae (Arum family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Agar Turki, Bach, Buch, Calamus Root, Cinnamon Sedge, Flag Root, Gladdon, Kalmus, Makan-Ninida, Mankan-Kereh, Rat Root, Shobu, Shui Chang, Sweet Calomel, Sweet Flag, Sweet Rush, Sweet Sedge, Vacha, Vasamber, Weekas.

Description

Calamus has a long history of use. The Sumerians and ancient Egyptians made use of it, and remains of the plant have been found in the tomb of Tutankhamun. Besides internal usage, the roots have been used as incense and as a flavor. In the bible, Exodus 30, Calamus is probably named as a an ingredient of the Holy Oil Moses made. Many of the great classical writers on medicine mention the plant: Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides. In Ayurvedic medicine it has been used for several thousand years. Calamus is known to help calm down the mind and support the nervous system. It was also an ingredient of the Flying Brews of European witches in the Middle Ages.

Scent

Calamus is used in incense mixtures in ancient Mesopotamia and by the ancient Egyptians in their Kyphi mixtures. Calamus has a strong herbal, warm, spicy, Cinnamon-like fragrance.

Contents

Active constituents of Calamus are Monoterpene hydrocarbons, sequestrine ketones, (trans- or Alpha) Asarone (2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-propenylbenzene), and Beta-asarone (cis-isomer) contained in the roots essential oils. The oils in the rhizomes of Calamus contain eugenol and asarone. Both compounds undergo biotransformation in vivo, but asarone probably is the natural precursor to TMA-2 (2,4,5 trimethoxyphenylisopro pylamine); asarone can be converted through an aminationprocess to TMA-2. Safrole, the active constituent of Sassafras albidum undergoes a similar bioactivation-process. Because TMA-2 is structurally very similar to mescaline, amphetamine and the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline, it might replace the neurotransmitters from the storage vesicles in the nerve endings.

Historical

Calamus has been regarded as an aphrodisiac in India and Egypt for at least 2,500 years. In Europe, Calamus was valued as a stimulant, bitter herb for the appetite and as an aid to the digestion. In North America, the decoction was used for fevers, stomach cramps, and colic; the rhizome was chewed for toothache, and powdered rhizome was inhaled for congestion. In Ayurvedic medicine Calamus is an important herb, and is valued as a "rejuvenator" for the brain and nervous system, and as a remedy for digestive disorders. In Western herbal medicine the herb is chiefly employed to support digestive functions.
The Cree Indians used Calamus for medicinal purposes, primarily as an analgesic for toothaches or headaches, a disinfectant for teeth, relief for exhaustion or fatigue, and as a cure for hangovers. Other North American Indians used the plant to treat coughs and diabetes. The Sioux used the whole plant, making aromatic garlands from the leaves and using the roots to make tea to treat bowel pains or placing chewed root on the skin to treat illness. Sweet flag has also been used by the Chinese to reduce swelling and to help relieve constipation. In India, Calamus was used to cure fevers, asthma, and bronchitis. The ancient Greeks also utilized the plant in many traditional remedies. The Dakotas use Calamus to treat diabetes, and there are several reported cases where Calamus had cured people who had been given up by Western medicine. When Calamus was chewed regularly by the Indians, they would be miraculously cured within a matter of months. During the Middle Ages Calamus was an admixture in several of the ancient, psychoactive, "Witches Flying Ointments", often being mixed with solanacious herbs.

Health Warnings

Asarone is a potential carcinogenic agent. Some experiments indicate that large quantities of Calamus produce tumors in rats. The amount given to produce this effect, however, is astronomical for the weight of the rat. No ill effects have been reported in any of the Cree who use it daily. In fact, they seem to be in good health. Calamus does have emmanagogic properties and should be avoided during pregnancy. Calamus should not be taken with MAO inhibitors.

Plant Description

Acorus calamus, Sweet Flag, is a common plant in Europe, Asia and also America. This aquatic plant likes quiet waters. Calamus is a grass-like, rhizome forming, perennial that can grow to 2m high, resembling an Iris. This species inhabits perpetually wet areas like the edges of streams and around ponds and lakes, in ditches and seeps. The plants have long creeping roots that spread out just below the surface of the soil. These roots spread horizontally and can grow to almost 2m in length. The thick, erect leaves are very similar in appearance to those of an Iris, but with edges that are crimped. Plants very rarely flower or set fruit, but when they do, the flowers are 3-8cm long, cylindrical in shape, greenish brown and covered in a multitude of rounded spikes. The fruits are small and berry-like, containing few seeds. Calamus flowers from early to late summer depending on the latitude. The herb normally grows between 1000 to 3700m. Calamus can often be found growing close to Indian villages, camping areas or trails.

Legal Remarks

This product is illegal or somehow problematic to send to the following countries. Click on the country link for further information.

• Finland
• Norway

Curcuma longa / Curcuma / Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Turmeric

Alpinia officinarum / Galangal / Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Description

Lesser Galangal is a perennial herb in the Ginger family that is native to China but has spread to many other areas as well. It is very similar in appearance to common Ginger which is a closely related herb but has a much different taste. Galangal was brought to Britain and northern Europe from the East by crusaders in the 13th Century where it quickly became a highly prized spice due to its hot taste and rosy scent. It was mentioned quite often in Tudor and medieval recipe books. (4)
Lesser Galangal is indigenous to China where it is thought to originate. It is distinct from Greater Galangal in that it is markedly smaller, darker in color and also has a stronger and sweeter taste than Greater Galangal making it more popular. (1)
Aside from being used in cooking, Galangal was also reputed to be powerful in European magic. It this regard it was used for protection and health, to encourage lust and desire, to attract money, to enhance and strengthen psychic powers and to break evil spells (5)

Contents

Volatile oil, Kaempferid, Resin, Galangol, Galangin, Alpinin (2)(3)

Historical

It was first discovered by Mr. Sampson in 1867 near the small village of Tung-sai in southern China and was later researched in more detail by Mr. H. F. Hance in the Journal of the Linnean Society which was published in 1871. (3) The word Galangal is derived from the Arabic word Khanlanjan which is likely a perversion of the Chinese word for mild Ginger. (2)

Galangal also has some medicinal properties according to King’s American Dispensatory. "Galangal is a stimulating aromatic, and has been successfully employed to aid the digestive process, preventing fermentation and removing flatus. It will be found especially useful in some forms of dyspepsia, preventing vomiting or sickness of the stomach, and facilitating digestion". (2)

It has a history of use in folk medicine as a gentle stimulant and as an aid for indigestion and flatulence. (4) It has been used for many years in China and in medieval Europe as well as by the Arabians and the Greeks. At present Lesser Galangal is used widely in Russia where it is added to a liqueur called Nastoika for its flavor and also to Vinegar. It is also highly favored by the Livonian and Estonian peoples. It is also still used to some extent in certain parts of India today. (3)

Plant Description

Lesser Galangal is similar in appearance to common Ginger and has a similar fat, knobbed rhizome. The stem is erect and roughly 2-4 feet in height. The leaves are slender, parallel-veined, 1 foot long, 2-4 inches wide, smooth and sharply acuminate. They are attached to a margined sheath with clasps to the stem. Its flowers are borne in a terminal spike, are white with red veins. (2)(4)

References

(1) Lesser Galangal, Wikipedia
(2) King’s American Dispensatory, Harvey Wickes Felter and John Uri Lloyd
(3) Medicinal Plants, Robert Bentley, Henry Trimen, David Blair.
(4) The Complete Book of Herbs and Spices, Sarah Garland
(5) Galangal, galanga.org

Alpinia officinarum / Galangal / Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Description

Lesser Galangal is a perennial herb in the Ginger family that is native to China but has spread to many other areas as well. It is very similar in appearance to common Ginger which is a closely related herb but has a much different taste. Galangal was brought to Britain and northern Europe from the East by crusaders in the 13th Century where it quickly became a highly prized spice due to its hot taste and rosy scent. It was mentioned quite often in Tudor and medieval recipe books. (4)
Lesser Galangal is indigenous to China where it is thought to originate. It is distinct from Greater Galangal in that it is markedly smaller, darker in color and also has a stronger and sweeter taste than Greater Galangal making it more popular. (1)
Aside from being used in cooking, Galangal was also reputed to be powerful in European magic. It this regard it was used for protection and health, to encourage lust and desire, to attract money, to enhance and strengthen psychic powers and to break evil spells (5)

Contents

Volatile oil, Kaempferid, Resin, Galangol, Galangin, Alpinin (2)(3)

Historical

It was first discovered by Mr. Sampson in 1867 near the small village of Tung-sai in southern China and was later researched in more detail by Mr. H. F. Hance in the Journal of the Linnean Society which was published in 1871. (3) The word Galangal is derived from the Arabic word Khanlanjan which is likely a perversion of the Chinese word for mild Ginger. (2)

Galangal also has some medicinal properties according to King’s American Dispensatory. "Galangal is a stimulating aromatic, and has been successfully employed to aid the digestive process, preventing fermentation and removing flatus. It will be found especially useful in some forms of dyspepsia, preventing vomiting or sickness of the stomach, and facilitating digestion". (2)

It has a history of use in folk medicine as a gentle stimulant and as an aid for indigestion and flatulence. (4) It has been used for many years in China and in medieval Europe as well as by the Arabians and the Greeks. At present Lesser Galangal is used widely in Russia where it is added to a liqueur called Nastoika for its flavor and also to Vinegar. It is also highly favored by the Livonian and Estonian peoples. It is also still used to some extent in certain parts of India today. (3)

Plant Description

Lesser Galangal is similar in appearance to common Ginger and has a similar fat, knobbed rhizome. The stem is erect and roughly 2-4 feet in height. The leaves are slender, parallel-veined, 1 foot long, 2-4 inches wide, smooth and sharply acuminate. They are attached to a margined sheath with clasps to the stem. Its flowers are borne in a terminal spike, are white with red veins. (2)(4)

References

(1) Lesser Galangal, Wikipedia
(2) King’s American Dispensatory, Harvey Wickes Felter and John Uri Lloyd
(3) Medicinal Plants, Robert Bentley, Henry Trimen, David Blair.
(4) The Complete Book of Herbs and Spices, Sarah Garland
(5) Galangal, galanga.org

Zingiber officinale / Ginger / Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

References

Erowid Herb Vault
Documenting the complex relationship between humans and psychoactives.

King's American Dispensatory
by Harvey Wickes Felter, M.D., and John Uri Lloyd, Phr. M., Ph. D., 1898

Zingiber officinale / Ginger / Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

References

Erowid Herb Vault
Documenting the complex relationship between humans and psychoactives.

King's American Dispensatory
by Harvey Wickes Felter, M.D., and John Uri Lloyd, Phr. M., Ph. D., 1898