Handbook on Oral Cocaine in Addictions

Description

Handbook on Oral Cocaine in Addictions - Dr. J. Ernesto Chang-Fung, M.D., and Dr. Teobaldo Llosa, M.D., Ph.D.

Cocaine addiction is an uncontrollable health and behavioral problem. During the past decades up until today, millions of dollars have been spent in research, mainly directed towards demonstrating the damaging effects of cocaine use through nasal, pulmonary or intravenous routes. Very little investigation has been performed to study the daily use of oral Coca by millions of people in the Andean regions (Coca chewers, Coca tea drinkers, Coca powder eaters) who show no behavioral disorders or illnesses which fit the DSM-IV-TR or ICD-10 criteria for cocaine dependence.
In this book the author has shown the advantages obtained by investigators when interviewing or evaluating traditional chronic oral Coca users who, in most cases, are physically and mentally normal. These facts contradict the WHO conclusions reached during the New York Single Convention in 1961, which pointed out that the oral use of Coca leaded to behavioral and mental deterioration of its users. These concepts were refuted in modern multi-centric studies designed by WHO, Cocaine Project/UNICRI 1995, and Consultation on Drug Substitution Project/PSA, 1995, but their publication was never authorized.
What all these studies have done is only "to confirm what the Andean population who is chronically impregnated with Coca already knew thousands of years ago". The author and his collaborators emphasized that the wrong use of cocaine ought to be rigorously controlled internationally, and also argued that the studies on oral Coca use ought to be separated from every political and police aspect and centered in the scientific and social analysis of the users. Also, the benefits of the use of oral Coca agonist therapy (cocalization/cocainization) for cocaine dependence reduction in a simple, economic and harmless manner should be shown; as well as the studies about the toxicological and physio-psychological effects of Coca powder oral consumption, a new over-the-counter modality, used for medical, nutritional and energy goals.

-History, botany, Coca leaves, Coca infusions, Coca powder, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, toxicity, cocaine liability and dependence, cocainization as agonist therapy, clinical researches, legal status, references, abstracts. (pocket, 114 pages)

Jatropha macrantha / Huanarpo / Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Huanarpo Macho, Higos del Duende, Huanarpo de Canta, Guarnarpo Macho, Mitocala, Palo de Grado, Sangre de Drago, Simayuca, Urco Huanarpo, Vanarpo, Wanarpo.

Description

This medicinal plant has been cultivated since the time of the Inca's. It grows at an altitude of 2,000 meters in the Amazonian forest region, of the lower Andes. The wild herb is used by the "Chachapoyas" indigenous population.

Contents

catechin, catechin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside and proanthocyanidin B-3 along with other catechin polymers(2)

Historical

"The young branch stems of the Huanarpo Macho tree are shaped like a man's anatomy and for centuries these young branch stems have been used in traditional medicine systems to support, aid, and enhance male sexual function."
"It has recently been called "Peruvian Viagra" in various marketing programs and is as popular in Peru as a male aphrodisiac as Muira Puama is in Brazil for the same purpose."(1)

Plant Description

Huanarpo macho is medium shrubby tree (10 to 12 m in height) with pretty reddish-orange flowers. It is indigenous to Peru and can be found in abundance in the Marañon river valley in the Amazon and in the Puno district in Peru. (1)

References

(1) Huanarpo macho, Raintree Tropical Plant Database
(2) Catechin derivatives in Jatropha macrantha stems: Characterisation and LC/ESI/MS/MS quali–quantitative analysis, Angelyne Benavides, Paola Montoro, Carla Bassarello, Sonia Piacente and Cosimo Pizza

Ormosia amazonica / Huayruro / Leguminosae (Pea family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Huairuro, Huayruro,

Description

To add color to their beadwork, Indians use various species of Ormosia which they call Huayruro. Its natural bright red and black coloring, and hard long lasting character make it a classic among good luck seeds. It is sometimes even mounted in gold settings such as tribal ornaments and Jewelry. About the size of a chickpea, when drilled and threaded into beadwork, Huayruro adds highlights to the piece. For solid reds, craftsmen select Ormosia macrocalyx while O. Amazonica, called "Huayruro Macho", yields a striking bead half red and half black. The seeds grow in a pod on tall trees in the rainforest. Usually collected from the jungle floor having fallen from the high branches. Even though it is very poisonous if chewed, it is the all time favourite good luck seed. It is allways carried by locals somewhere on their bodies, and put on children and babies in the form of a little bracelet. It is reputed to ward off any kind of bad luck, to protect one from jinxes, and keep away the evil eye. Often Huayruro seeds are found in glass jars adding a bit of color to the modest homes in the jungle. The seeds are a symbol of good luck and abundance in the Inca culture.

Historical

The name "Huayruro" derives from the seed of the Huayruro plant ( Ormosia sp .) that grows in the Amazon rainforest. This seed is characterized by being part red and part black, visually suggesting complementary and duality. Perhaps due to this unusual natural characteristic there has been the belief among Peruvians that these seeds have the dual power to attract good fortune and ward off evil spirits. As such, it is widely used in a variety of accessories for body adornment.

Health Warnings

Toxic! Please keep out of mouth.
However safe to wear on skin.

Plant Description

Amazonian tree grows until at least 40m tall.

Ormosia amazonica / Huayruro / Leguminosae (Pea family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Huairuro, Huayruro,

Description

To add color to their beadwork, Indians use various species of Ormosia which they call Huayruro. Its natural bright red and black coloring, and hard long lasting character make it a classic among good luck seeds. It is sometimes even mounted in gold settings such as tribal ornaments and Jewelry. About the size of a chickpea, when drilled and threaded into beadwork, Huayruro adds highlights to the piece. For solid reds, craftsmen select Ormosia macrocalyx while O. Amazonica, called "Huayruro Macho", yields a striking bead half red and half black. The seeds grow in a pod on tall trees in the rainforest. Usually collected from the jungle floor having fallen from the high branches. Even though it is very poisonous if chewed, it is the all time favourite good luck seed. It is allways carried by locals somewhere on their bodies, and put on children and babies in the form of a little bracelet. It is reputed to ward off any kind of bad luck, to protect one from jinxes, and keep away the evil eye. Often Huayruro seeds are found in glass jars adding a bit of color to the modest homes in the jungle. The seeds are a symbol of good luck and abundance in the Inca culture.

Historical

The name "Huayruro" derives from the seed of the Huayruro plant ( Ormosia sp .) that grows in the Amazon rainforest. This seed is characterized by being part red and part black, visually suggesting complementary and duality. Perhaps due to this unusual natural characteristic there has been the belief among Peruvians that these seeds have the dual power to attract good fortune and ward off evil spirits. As such, it is widely used in a variety of accessories for body adornment.

Health Warnings

Toxic! Please keep out of mouth.
However safe to wear on skin.

Plant Description

Amazonian tree grows until at least 40m tall.

Ormosia amazonica / Huayruro / Leguminosae (Pea family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Huairuro, Huayruro,

Description

To add color to their beadwork, Indians use various species of Ormosia which they call Huayruro. Its natural bright red and black coloring, and hard long lasting character make it a classic among good luck seeds. It is sometimes even mounted in gold settings such as tribal ornaments and Jewelry. About the size of a chickpea, when drilled and threaded into beadwork, Huayruro adds highlights to the piece. For solid reds, craftsmen select Ormosia macrocalyx while O. Amazonica, called "Huayruro Macho", yields a striking bead half red and half black. The seeds grow in a pod on tall trees in the rainforest. Usually collected from the jungle floor having fallen from the high branches. Even though it is very poisonous if chewed, it is the all time favourite good luck seed. It is allways carried by locals somewhere on their bodies, and put on children and babies in the form of a little bracelet. It is reputed to ward off any kind of bad luck, to protect one from jinxes, and keep away the evil eye. Often Huayruro seeds are found in glass jars adding a bit of color to the modest homes in the jungle. The seeds are a symbol of good luck and abundance in the Inca culture.

Historical

The name "Huayruro" derives from the seed of the Huayruro plant ( Ormosia sp .) that grows in the Amazon rainforest. This seed is characterized by being part red and part black, visually suggesting complementary and duality. Perhaps due to this unusual natural characteristic there has been the belief among Peruvians that these seeds have the dual power to attract good fortune and ward off evil spirits. As such, it is widely used in a variety of accessories for body adornment.

Health Warnings

Toxic! Please keep out of mouth.
However safe to wear on skin.

Plant Description

Amazonian tree grows until at least 40m tall.

Ormosia amazonica / Huayruro / Leguminosae (Pea family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Huairuro, Huayruro,

Description

To add color to their beadwork, Indians use various species of Ormosia which they call Huayruro. Its natural bright red and black coloring, and hard long lasting character make it a classic among good luck seeds. It is sometimes even mounted in gold settings such as tribal ornaments and Jewelry. About the size of a chickpea, when drilled and threaded into beadwork, Huayruro adds highlights to the piece. For solid reds, craftsmen select Ormosia macrocalyx while O. Amazonica, called "Huayruro Macho", yields a striking bead half red and half black. The seeds grow in a pod on tall trees in the rainforest. Usually collected from the jungle floor having fallen from the high branches. Even though it is very poisonous if chewed, it is the all time favourite good luck seed. It is allways carried by locals somewhere on their bodies, and put on children and babies in the form of a little bracelet. It is reputed to ward off any kind of bad luck, to protect one from jinxes, and keep away the evil eye. Often Huayruro seeds are found in glass jars adding a bit of color to the modest homes in the jungle. The seeds are a symbol of good luck and abundance in the Inca culture.

Historical

The name "Huayruro" derives from the seed of the Huayruro plant ( Ormosia sp .) that grows in the Amazon rainforest. This seed is characterized by being part red and part black, visually suggesting complementary and duality. Perhaps due to this unusual natural characteristic there has been the belief among Peruvians that these seeds have the dual power to attract good fortune and ward off evil spirits. As such, it is widely used in a variety of accessories for body adornment.

Health Warnings

Toxic! Please keep out of mouth.
However safe to wear on skin.

Plant Description

Amazonian tree grows until at least 40m tall.

Ormosia amazonica / Huayruro / Leguminosae (Pea family)

Information

This product is not sold or intended for the purpose of human consumption or cosmetic use. Any information provided about this product on this website, including any links to external websites, are solely intended for historical, scientific and educational purposes and must not be interpreted as a recommendation for a specific use of the product. The statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and the product is not intended to "diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease." The use and application of this product, based on the historical and scientific context provided in the product descriptions and articles, is solely at the customer's risk. This product is a botanical specimen of ethnographic value and interest only and is delivered with no express or implied fitness for any purpose. The product descriptions are compiled from sources we deemed to be reliable up to the date it was written but may contain omissions or errors in fact, or become outdated. It outlines the documented history of uses but should no way be construed to make any medical claims about the ability or efficacy of any of these plants to treat, prevent or mitigate any disease or condition. Although a plant may have a long history of being used for a particular purpose, scientific evidence proving its efficacy for that purpose may be lacking.

Other Names

Huairuro, Huayruro,

Description

To add color to their beadwork, Indians use various species of Ormosia which they call Huayruro. Its natural bright red and black coloring, and hard long lasting character make it a classic among good luck seeds. It is sometimes even mounted in gold settings such as tribal ornaments and Jewelry. About the size of a chickpea, when drilled and threaded into beadwork, Huayruro adds highlights to the piece. For solid reds, craftsmen select Ormosia macrocalyx while O. Amazonica, called "Huayruro Macho", yields a striking bead half red and half black. The seeds grow in a pod on tall trees in the rainforest. Usually collected from the jungle floor having fallen from the high branches. Even though it is very poisonous if chewed, it is the all time favourite good luck seed. It is allways carried by locals somewhere on their bodies, and put on children and babies in the form of a little bracelet. It is reputed to ward off any kind of bad luck, to protect one from jinxes, and keep away the evil eye. Often Huayruro seeds are found in glass jars adding a bit of color to the modest homes in the jungle. The seeds are a symbol of good luck and abundance in the Inca culture.

Historical

The name "Huayruro" derives from the seed of the Huayruro plant ( Ormosia sp .) that grows in the Amazon rainforest. This seed is characterized by being part red and part black, visually suggesting complementary and duality. Perhaps due to this unusual natural characteristic there has been the belief among Peruvians that these seeds have the dual power to attract good fortune and ward off evil spirits. As such, it is widely used in a variety of accessories for body adornment.

Health Warnings

Toxic! Please keep out of mouth.
However safe to wear on skin.

Plant Description

Amazonian tree grows until at least 40m tall.

Inca Statue Bronze

Inca Statue Bronze